Beowulf vs. Heroism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 690 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Out of all the important values followed by the Anglo-Saxons, heroism is a trait every individual strives to have. Heroism is far more than simply physical courage, it is the goal to fulfill any of his/her obligations to a group of individuals he/she is a key member in. For example, the king in the epic is shown to have the obligation of being generous to all his people especially his thanes whom he must reward with valuable gifts for their defense of their people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Beowulf vs. Heroism" essay for you Create order Beowulf, on the other hand, is the most valued and respected individuals among the Anglo-Saxons due to his actions. Beowulf is not just another man looked up to because of his wealth or fame, it is because he is a warrior and compassionate human being that makes looking after his people a number one priority. Beowulf is one of the greatest heroes depicted in the people not only because of his great power in battle but because he also fulfills his social obligations. He has virtues of a civilized man and the strength of the greatest warrior known to man.The three basic traits a true hero must have is strength, courage, loyalty, and fame. However, if those are the only qualifications in order to be known as a well-known, respected hero; would Grendels mother be a hero as well? Throughout the epic, the readers are able to know the three basic traits and understand how exactly a villain and hero are two different individuals. Grendels mom was strong, loyal to her son, and well-known through her huge battle with Beowulf. The catch is, the readers later learn that an Anglo-Saxon hero is not solely defined by his/her traits but by their appearance through God himself. As said in the epic, Beowulf is seen as good from the eyes of the lord therefore he is a true leader many individuals must respect and learn off of. On the other hand, Grendel and his family are all seen as horror to all by the lord therefore they are evil. Even though both characters have the three basic traits of a hero, God is the only person that can differentiate one from good or bad. God plays a huge role in the Anglo-Saxon community especially when it comes to knowing which individuals are true, good heros from evil villains however the characters action also play a key role as well. Beowulf has also carried the mindset of being fair in any battle he has been in. Beowulf only relies on his God given strength and his war gear that protects him from any weapon his opponent may use. However, even though the only way Grendels mother could be defeated was by a blade in her armory, Beowulf still continued to use his strength to eventually tear off the monsters arm. Grendel, on the other hand, only depends on his weapons when in battle. Even though he is physically stronger than his own mother, his weapons play a key role in the battlefield fighting his opponents. Unlike Beowulf, Grendel is portrayed as a monster who does not respect the people he should protect at all cost. Beowulf selflessly fights to defeat any threats that may step into their circle of security however Grendel is seen as a very strong and powerful man that eats his victims; practically anyone that steps in his path which is very unhero like. As though it may seem as if all the heroes mentioned in the epic are the same due to the individuals having the three basic traits of a hero itself, Beowulf is illuminated in the story in order to learn off of and be a prime example as to what a real hero chosen by God himself looks like and values. Beowulf is a fearless defender of his people whereas Grendel is a perfect combination of both isolation and violence which is a recipe for disaster. By illuminating Beowulf, the reader is able to see the similarities and differences between the different heroes and villains to fully understand what it means to be a true hero to all.

Young Goodman Brown Looses Faith in The Woods Essay

Young Goodman Brown Looses Faith in The Woods In the story Young Goodman Brown, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author introduces evil images to tempt and delude Young Goodman Brown as he made his way through the woods. Goodman Brown, by the end of his journey, understands there is an evil side to human nature and believes that man is doomed by original sin. The main character, Goodman Brown is introduced as a well-mannered man who is happily married to Faith. Initially, the language such as sunset and pink ribbons symbolizes light and a positive environment in Salem Village, where the story takes place. Then, as Goodman Brown journeys through the woods, changes in the environment make him change the way in†¦show more content†¦This change is noticed after the apparition of the old man seated at the foot of an old tree. Apparently, the old man and the main character can have be taken as father and son; but there is something significant about this 50 year old man, his staff: ...which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself like a living serpent (p. 62). The language suggests nothing good can come from a 50 year old man walking alone at night in the woods carrying such a staff. In fact, the old man represents the devil or evil spirit that encourages G oodman Brown, who is already hesitant, to continue his journey through the woods. Let us walk on, nevertheless, reasoning as we go; and if I convince thee not thou shalt turn back (p. 63). As they walked, the old man continues to introduce Goodman Brown to the negative side of the world by showing him that humans can also be evil. I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem; and it was I that brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philips war (p. 63). This suggests that his father and grandfather had an evil side to them, which made him understand that no matter how good a person may be, there is always anShow MoreRelatedThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesthematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and uplifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories and themes about the reality of the world we live in and to illustrate our individual limitations through the art of symbolism and irony. Emerson uses a unique approach in his writing, endeavoring to inspire people to appreciate the world they live in, and to have faith and confidence in themselves. Read More Setting and Its Effect on Understanding Young Goodman Brown Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesSetting and its Effect on Understanding Young Goodman Brown nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Every tale ever told shares similar formal elements. All of these formal elements have equally important consequence on a story. The setting of a story has direct correlations to the way that the reader consumes the meaning of the story. The setting in Young Goodman Brown allows its author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, to leave the ending ambiguous, without closure. The reader is constantly expected to decide forRead More Young Goodman Brown Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pages The main theme of the Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å" Young Goodman Brown,† is the struggle between Goodman Brown’s faith, power to resist his own evil impulses and his own doubts within him. It is a story of Young Goodman Brown’s personal conflict over his inner desires and its greater meaning conflict between good and evil in the world. The characteristics of Young Goodman Brown are similar to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne had his own doubts abou t his own Puritan life and beliefsRead MoreThe Puritan Influence in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne451 Words   |  2 PagesThe Puritan Influence in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† (repr. in Thomas R. Arp, and Greg Johnson, Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 8th ed. [Fort Worth: Harcourt, 2002] 316) is a short story with strong Puritan influence. Puritanism is a religion demanding strict moral conduct and strong faith. Puritans held that Christians should do only what the Bible commanded. Analyzing â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is dependant upon understandingRead MoreNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1063 Words   |  5 Pagesnamed Salem, as young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, for a duty in the forest. Faith begs her husband to stay with her, but he insists that the journey must be completed that night. In the forest he meets an older man, carried a staff looked like a black serpent. Other inhabitants of the village were in the woods that night. Suddenly Young Goodman Brown hears his wifes voice in the trees so decides to fly through the forest by the old man’s staff. At the ceremony he and Faith approach theRead MoreSymbolism and Allegory in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2297 Words   |  10 Pages   Ã‚   The main characters in Hawthornes story Young Goodman Brown are Goodman Brown, his wife Faith and the stranger who accompanies Goodman Brown in the forest. At the beginning of the story Brown is bidding his wife, Faith farewell at their front door. Taking a lonely route into the forest, he meets an older man who bears a fatherly resemblance to both Brown and the Devil. Later that night Brown discovers to his amazement, that many exemplary villagers are on the same path including, GoodyRead MoreSymbolism of Setting and Character Descriptions in Young Goodman Brown1879 Words   |  8 PagesEmily Bartlett Ms. Santi 1B PDP American Literature 7 December 2011 Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown, Nathanial Hawthorne utilizes the forest’s setting and character’s descriptions to show the symbolic meaning of each. The forest, each character and their actions all have specific meanings that are critical to the interpretation of the story. The story of Young Goodman Brown takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest surrounding the town. Salem became famous for itsRead MoreO Conner And Young Goodman Brown Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pagescommon? In the two short stories, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Conner and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne they both incorporate sin and redemption to reinforce the theme as well as the characters, presenting the ubiquitous conflict between good and evil. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is presented as a story of good and evil. This short story kicks off in a Salem village, where Goodman Brown decides to venture away from his house and wife for the night. Goodman’s wife doesn’t wantRead MoreGreasy Lake by T. C. Boyle and Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1924 Words   |  8 Pagesactually happening in the story. This makes â€Å"Greasy Lake† an allegory, because it can be read at a literal level, but interpreted on a second, more meaningful level. The story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, can be considered an older parallel to â€Å"Greasy Lake.† The main character, an adventurous young man, sets out to do an evil deed and finds himself witnessing something more evil than he can imagine. Both stories tell the reader that when one is looking for trouble, one willRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesof historical veris imilitude – â€Å"the way it was†. Each episode logically and inevitably unfolds from the one that preceded it, thereby generating a momentum that drives the plot forward its appointed resolution. Chronological plot structure can be loose, relaxed and episodic. In Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones and Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, the plots are composed of a series of separate and largely self-contained episodes, resembling so many beads on a string. The unifying element is the protagonist

A Gathering Of Old Men Essay Example For Students

A Gathering Of Old Men Essay Inner and Outer Images in A Gathering of Old MenIn the novel A Gathering of Old Men, Ernest J. Gaines, portrays theNovel through the eyes of individual narrators involved on the events of the day. The novel focuses on a group of cowardly black men who finally stop running and stand up for themselves and years of suffering. There is great difference between the narration of the black and white people. The black men grow through the novel and become individuals and depict their inner pain. The Cajuns do not see nor realize the years of pain and guilt that the black men have carried with them. The story illustrates two worlds, the inner world is the life in Marshall Quarters, the old black men and their family; the outer world being everything outside the Quarters, Fix, the Cajuns, and even the white people. The blacks have an inner family that has experienced similar hardships and treats each other in ways that are considered offensive by those members of the outside world. One of the most prominent examples is his use of the Christian names, given by their ancestors slave owners; and their nicknames. Before each black person narrates they are introduced, Grant Bello aka Cherry (41). Throughout the entire novel all black people have a nickname in which they only allow the inner world to refer to them. When Yank is confessing the crime of killing Beau Griffin begins to take down the name Yank. Y-a-n- and is corrected Sylvester J. Battly . Be sure to spell Sylvester and Battly right, if you can (99). The name he wants printed to the outside world is his real name, not the silly nickname his inner ring of friends refer to him as. These nicknames they find harmless by their peers, are offensive by others. When Charlie comes back, now a man, he wants to have a handle, too-like Mister. Mr. Bi ggs (187). This demonstrates the two distinct worlds of the blacks and whites. The nicknames are offensive if spoken by those outside their world. There are continuous examples through the novel that illustrate the presence and difference in the two worlds. Each of the old men tells a story of pain due to oppression by the white man. These stories automatically separate Mapes, Fix, or even Candy from the world and lives of the men. The common thread that unites these men is their story. Only on this day do they become individuals versus a group, a world with a common thread. They became individuals by telling their story that also depicted the difference in worlds. When Johnny Paul tells his story of the palm-of-Christians he tells Mapes, the outer world, No, Sheriff, you dont see. You do not even know what I dont see (89). The black men have different experiences and histories that separate them from the outside world. This is constant though the stories. To the Cajuns, the graveyard is more land, but to the blacks its their ancestors and identity. Without the graveyard, they will not be remembered. Each of the stories is a di vision between the two worlds. When Charlie returns to his world to confess the he killed Beau, he becomes a man. And says I want the world to know Im a man (187). By admitting his actions and standing up for himself he is proud. Although his action is murder, he still believes the world needs to see him as a man. In the end of the novel Mathu makes the decision to ride with Clatoo and the others that greatly symbolizes the two worlds. The inner world sticks together, especially after they have found their identities. Many of the differences of the two worlds are portrayed by symbols or symbolic statements. Candy refers to the old black men as her people, I will protect my people (19). She is not a part of that inner world, possibly apart of Mathus world, but not the inner world in general. By calling them her people, she claims ownership, which is far in the past. She is white and has not been oppressed by the white men for years.

River Skipper Dear Professor Anderson free essay sample

Little Johnny, with his new toy, the River Skipper boat. According to Lord Greene, Little Johnny likes to play around the center of the Greene Hilly estate, near the South Bridge. He has to release his boat somewhere along the Raging River and Lord Greene wants to suggest that he put it near the South Bridge and then retrieve the boat at the North Bridge. However, Lord Greene is concerned if Little Johnny will reach the North Bridge in time to retrieve the boat from the river. Therefore, we need to find out how fast Little Johnny has to travel to retrieve the boat, whether it be in a straight path through the woods or along the driveway. Also, Lord Greene’s engineers informed us about the velocity setting that is currently being used for the River Skipper, V1 (x) = 1+5 cos2 x2, but they are also considering to use V2 (x) = 5 cos2 x2. We will write a custom essay sample on River Skipper Dear Professor Anderson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our primary objective is to find the fastest rate for Little Johnny to travel to the North Bridge and to also find his rate if he were to travel along the driveway. To find his rate, we will use the formula distance = rate x time. However, the difficulty of this problem is finding the time that it takes the River Skipper to get from the South Bridge to the North Bridge with each velocity setting. Finding the time is difficult because the rate of the River Skipper is always changing at each position. To overcome this difficulty, we found the area under the curve of the Raging River and subdivided it into smaller intervals. This overcomes the difficulty because the rate is considered to be fairly constant within each smaller piece of area and results in an approximation of the rate of the River Skipper. First, we used the distance between two points formula (x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2 to find the distance between the South Bridge and the North Bridge to determine Little Johnny’s straight path. Additionally, we used the arc length formula 1+(f? x)2 to determine the distance along the driveway. Following that, we subdivided the Raging River (y = sinx) into 1000 intervals between the South Bridge (0,0) and the North Bridge (0. 877, 0. 769). The distance of each interval was found by using the distance between two points formula and the right endpoint of each interval was used for the position. The position of each interval was inputted into each of the velocity settings. Then, the distance between two points of each interval was divided by each of the velocity settings using position as a function of x. Using this formula, 1000 intervals were summed together resulting in the time that it took the River Skipper to travel along each interval. Using the calculated time of the River Skipper and the distances of the two different paths, we used r = d/t to find the rate that Little Johnny had to travel. As a result, the distance between the South Bridge and the North Bridge through the woods, in a straight path, is 1. 7 and along the driveway is 1. 22. The total time that it took the River Skipper to travel by using the first velocity setting is 0. 216 and for the second velocity setting is 0. 267. Therefore, using the first velocity setting, Little Johnny would run in a straight path at a rate of 5. 42 and along the driveway, he would run at a rate of 5. 65. Using the second velocity setting, he would run in a straight path at a rate of 4. 39 and along the driveway at a rate of 4. 57. Distance between South Bridge and North Bridge * Straight Path – 1. 17 * Along Driveway – 1. 22 * Total travelling time of River Skipper V1 – 0. 216 * V2 – 0. 267 * Rate of Little Johnny using V1 * Straight Path – 5. 42 * Along Driveway – 5. 65 * Rate of Little Johnny using V2 * Straight Path – 4. 39 * Along Driveway – 4. 57 Overall, we feel that Little Johnny would run faster in a straight path through the woods at a rate of 4. 39 with the River Skipper set at the second velocity setting. In doing so, Little Johnny will be able to reach the North Bridge before his boat arrives. Also, if he were to travel along the driveway, he would have to run faster to retrieve his boat since his rate would be.

Dave Essays - Jam Bands, Counterculture Of The 1960s,

Dave Matthews Band Who is the Dave Matthews Band? Five years ago that question would have gotten nothing more than a weird stare and a stupid look. But today you would get everything but that. The Dave Matthews Band is one of the most successful bands of the late 20th century. But many ask how a band so new has become so successful in such a relatively short period of time. Many come to wonder if it was their music, their look, or possibly something else that has made the Dave Matthews Band what they are today. It is my opinion that the Dave Matthews Band's success comes from their earth-toned acoustical music, their buttoned flannel shirts and their khaki pants, their heart-laced lyrics, and the need for many Jerry Garcia "Dead Head" survivors to find a new musical connection to life. Using the Official Dave Matthews Web Page (http://dmband.com) as a reference tool, I found that the life of the Dave Matthews Band saga begins early in 1991.Dave Matthews decided to put the songs he'd been writing on tape. But rather than recording just his voice and guitar, he decided to gather some other musicians to give the project a fuller sound. Carter Beauford, Leroi Moore, Stefan Lessard, and Boyd Tinsley teamed with Dave Matthews and became the Dave Matthews Band. After several rehearsals in basements, they were ready to play in public. The first gig was May 11, 1991 at a party on the roof of an apartment building in Charlottesville. About 40 people were in attendance that night. Their first open-to-the-public performance was at the 1991 Earth Day Festival on Charlottesville, Virginia's Downtown Mall. That exposure led to regular Tuesday night gigs at a small restaurant called Eastern Standard. Before long, the largest music club in town had them playing Tuesday night gigs filling the club to capacity with locals and University of Virginia students week after week. As word spread, the band was playing three- four- five- night tours around the region. As the band's success began to exfoliate, the first album named Remember Two Things was released in August of 1993, shortly followed by Recently released in February of 1994. With 1994 proving to be a big year for the Dave Matthews Band, Under the Table and Dreaming was released on September 27th. This major release is what really made the bands elegant acoustical sound known throughout the United States and Europe (26 March 1999). By this point, many wonder what is next for the Dave Matthews Band. Their audience was growing, but they still didn't have a following that rivaled bands like the Grateful Dead and Phish. But nobody could have predicted what 1995 would bring, both good and bad. Dave Matthews Band (DMB) opened two shows for the Grateful Dead at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas. Some believe this show was priceless and "one in a million" for the Dave Matthews Band (Pepper). Many of the reasons this show was so important had to do with the attention Dave Matthews Band got from the Grateful Dead's audience. This proved to be an overwhelming significance when the Dead encountered the death of Jerry Garcia later on in the 1995 year. The Grateful Dead had an incredible amount of fans. "The band attracted a cult following in live performances by playing without set lists (lists of songs) in a free improvised format shaped in part by audience rapport" (Garcia). All the "Grateful Dead" fans, better known as "Dead Heads" loved the acoustic sound Garcia provided for the band, and with the newly created vibe of Dave Matthews Band, the transition was an easy one to make. Thus, many of the "Dead Heads" are now faithful followers of the DMB, and many now use Dave Matthews Band as a new musical connection to life. But the death of Jerry Garcia and the flock of newly dedicated fans weren't the only reasons for popularity for the Dave Matthews Band. The sound, the feeling of the music that Dave Matthews Band creates, makes for their own following, like no other before. As David E. Thigpen, author, Time magazine puts it: The DMB offers an alternative to alternative rock: music that is conspicuously eclectic but plainly rooted in the familiar bedrock of Americana, the blues and jazz. By introducing acoustic guitars and shifting tempos punctuated by violins, penny whistles and other flourishes of world music and jazz, the band has forged a cerebral yet commercially appealing sound, surpassing competitors like Phish. (Thigpen) After the release of Under the

Business value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industryBusiness value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industry

Business value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industryBusiness value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industry Wireless technology has been widely used in industrial processes because of its benefits that contribute to total quality management. Chemical and manufacturing industries have particularly used wireless technology because it adds value to the industries. Like other information technologies, wireless technology has many business related benefits, which include contributions to â€Å"customer service, finance, sales and marketing, information and technology operations, and operations management† among others (Baltzan and Philips 7).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industryBusiness value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These benefits help in achieving cost effectiveness, higher customer satisfaction, business growth, and improved competitiveness (Baltzan and Philips 7). Chemical and manufacturing companies use wireless technology to enhance their efficiency in time utility. This is because the technology helps in saving time, facilitating faster response, and improving productivity (Baltzan and Philips 7). Other manufacturing applications that benefit from the technology Other manufacturing applications that benefit from wireless technology are branding and packaging applications (Baltzan and Philips 7). Why they benefit The two applications benefit from wireless technology because they form part of the manufacturing industry (Baltzan and Philips 7). Business benefits of wireless technology in finance and investmentsAdvertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business benefits of information technology are also realized in the finance and investments sector. Finance and investments involve activities for enhancing an enterprise’s worth throu gh financial avenues and information technology helps in monitoring trends and changes in market factors. The use of wireless technology to gather information about a target market is therefore important in identification of new products and market segments (Baltzan and Philips 7). Other recommended application Other suitable applications for finance and investments include internet applications through mobile phones and computers (Baltzan and Philips 7). Reason for recommending the applications This is because the technologies are significantly effective in enhancing communication and tracking online information (Baltzan and Philips 7). Business benefits and challenges of using wireless technology in retailing Retailing has also been a major beneficiary of the wireless technology. Economic benefits, derived from time and operational efficiencies, have been realized in the sector as the technology is used to facilitate communication in retail enterprises. Using the technology in sto cktaking has also enhanced their advantage through time efficiency and accuracy in records keeping.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industryBusiness value of wireless technology in chemicals and automotive industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic implications of wireless technology have however been its major disadvantage with its high installation cost making it too expensive for some retailers. This has limited its use. Complications in supply chains have also imposed a disadvantage on application of wireless technology due to the incompatibility (Baltzan and Philips 81, 82). Other applications that might be beneficial to consumers Like parties to financial and investment sector, retailers and consumers can alternatively use internet services through mobile phones and computers to facilitate communication (Baltzan and Philips 81, 82). Reason Mobile phones and modern computers have even better communication facilities than the wireless technology (Baltzan and Philips 81, 82). Suitable substitute for HP pocket PC Suitable equipment that Celanese would have used, as a substitute to HP pocket PC, is GPS. The system that was developed four decades ago is faster. It is suitable because it identifies object locations. It is also more efficient because its communication system is initiated from a centralized point (Baltzan and Philips 174, 175).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Features of HP pocket PC Features of pocket PC include processor, storage capacity, and games. The processor and storage features allows for creation and transmission of information from one point to another (Baltzan and Philips 174, 175). New possible devices New devices that can be used for better services today include GIS, mobile phones, and LBS technologies. LBS also track location of objects while mobile phones provide instant communication. The new technologies are therefore more efficient than the HP pocket PC (Baltzan and Philips 174, 175). Cost of RFID tags There exist varieties of radio frequency identification tags at different costs. The costs and choice of a particular tag depends on its features. Implication of RFID cost on its use by retailers Availability of a wide range of prices for RFID tags means that more retailers are able to afford the tags. There is, therefore, a wide application of the technology among retailers (Baltzan and Philips 187). Baltzan, Paige, a nd Philips, Amy. Information Systems. California, CA: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2011. Print

An analysis of COCACOLAs current strategic position, and how COCACOLA Essay

An analysis of COCACOLAs current strategic position, and how COCACOLA will develop these strategies in the future.THIS is an individually written report - Essay Example Coca Cola has around 16 million clients all over the world. The management concentrates more on enhancing the values for their clientele and aiding their beverages business to grow. Moreover the management is working hard to understand their cliental needs whether the customer is classy retailer in industrial market or a risk owner in rising markets. The basic key or strategy is that they place right product in right market at right time. This indicates that geographically company's market is vast & the management has huge control on its market. As carbonated drinks are the highly productive segment so the company emphasis more in its production and promotion as it brings larger portion of their revenue from overall sales The Coca Cola Company currently has different brands in the market worlds wide. The company not only a big manufactures of carbonated drinks but also manufacture juices, water and other drinks. The key for launching any new brand in the market is the culture of the country. Strategic Planning is the tool which a management used to considerate it future course of action. In any business strategic planning is the tool of giving the right directions to the management .the management emphasis on how to apply different strategies in order to expand the business, which policies suits best in all the areas of the business and what are the potentials and how to use them. FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIES BY COCA COLA: The

Accounting Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting Scandal - Essay Example Due to Enron’s scandal, the core principles of auditing have dynamically changed. This paper will seek to portray the keen principles of Enron’s root cause of its downfall and the potential impact it made that has crippled other companies. Choose an accounting scandal (from the link below) and summarize it.   http://www.forbes.com/2002/07/25/accountingtracker.html   Please include the following in the summary:   1) A brief description/background of the company.   One of the biggest frauds that has ever taken place in the modern 21st century commerce was the case with Enron. Enron’s scandal without a doubt has been the focal point for one of the biggest busts in the history of American entity. The Enron Scandal and the Neglect of Management Integrity Capacity Enron was a very prosperous and prominent firm that was an American energy company established in Houston, Texas. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after he had acquired two other gas companies in his quest to become a conglomerate in the American history. Nonetheless, after Enron’s biggest scandal, shareholders lost around $11 billion as the company continued on the downward spiral. Enron finally filed for bankruptcy at its $63.4 billion in assets were completely diluted. Many of the stockholders got measly pennies back for the huge investments they had in the company. 2) When the scandal was (or is believed to be) formed.   ... The continuous spiral of modifying the financial statements became a continuous habit and the lead cause of the downfall for the company. Undoubtedly, managers in corporate America have to protect the interests of the corporate executives along with the goals of the stakeholders. The management clearly neglected responsibility of overseeing the unethical practices that were plaguing the corporation. The Enron scandal continued to grow worse every year as it became a problem that was out of control. The primary motivation for Enron was to keep their gross income high along with cash flow while diminishing their liabilities and long-term debts. 3) An in-depth analysis of the accounting scandal.   As mentioned before, Enron ran a Ponzi scheme that continued to over-inflate the revenues that they were actually earning. Enron and other energy suppliers earned sales by providing services such as electricity, natural gas and providing other risk management products. Traditionally, compani es similar to Enron such as Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch used simple pure â€Å"brick and mortar† model for reporting income. However, Enron took upon a new model known as â€Å"the merchant model.† This model was however not adapted by Enron as they utilized the merchant model, which was aggressive, risky and was based on a subjective representation of revenues that were estimated. Although the system did thrive as Enron continued to promise huge compensations for its executives, it also lead to the downfall for the company. For instance, the company’s revenue from 1996 to 2000, Enron’s revenues were grossly inflated to be increased by 700%. This extensive inflation was highly unjustified as the market for

Philosophical View of High Noon Movie (Ethics) Essay

Philosophical View of High Noon Movie (Ethics) - Essay Example The difference is that in deontology, an act may not be beneficial to most of the people. With these views, we construct a dichotomy with Kane on one side and the townsfolk on the other. Ethically, we can view Kane’s insistence on staying through the lenses of deontology. He chose to stay because he considered it fit and proper to do what is right and that is to make sure that the criminal does not harm anybody. This he did even though he was not the Marshal anymore. One can argue that Kane was actually motivated by self preservation because he feared that Miller would pursue him and his wife unrelentingly. Therefore, he was not motivated by doing what is right as a civil officer but was forced to do so to save his own life. However, he could have run off and left the town under the mercy of a gun wielding crazy criminal but he did not. He chose to stand by his code of honor which is to protect the citizenry. Furthermore, the doctrine of deontology states that happiness is not the goal. For certain, Kane’s goal was not happiness for death was the only prospect facing him with a gun fight with four seasoned gunslingers. Knowing death is inevitable and s till having the right intentions characterized Kane’s actions. For the townsfolk part, we see their decision of not supporting Kane as characteristic of utilitarianism especially in the reasons they forwarded for not doing so. This was especially true in the Church scene where Kane did not get any support because they consider it bad for the development’s of the town’s economy. A gun battle would make the town look uncivilized and unfit for commercial trading. If they just boot Kane out of the town then they can avoid such an event from happening thereby ensuring prosperity for the town. One can see the act of townsfolk as a way of avoiding retribution from Miller’s gang. If they support Kane

Sexual Health Education And Risks Education Essay

Sexual Health Education And Risks Education Essay Because everyone agrees that there are too many teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, a new approach to sex and health education is needed. When abstinence only is the only form of education offered, teenagers are encouraged to believe in common myths and rumors. With a realistic approach to sex and health education in schools, teens will understand how to prevent STDs, unwanted pregnancy, and HIV infections. Sexual health education should become a mandatory subject that students in middle and high school take as a part of their core curriculum. Most parent acknowledge the fact that their underage children are in need of a sexual health education when they are seniors in high school, but most teens believe that early sexual education is more important because when you learn it at a younger age you can become more familiar with the consequences. Comprehensive sexual health educations should inform the students about the facts and help them toward the way of practicing prevention, and better understanding (Sex Education: Issues and Directives 33-35). During the teen years, young women and men are curious and anxious to know about sex. They may not even know the proper sexual health education; the only thing that they know is what they get from the media or what they have heard from a friend which is not always a good source to follow. Adolescents that are sexually active get the majority of their advice from their friends who may know little or nothing about sexual health education. Some adolescents find information about sex in their reading. A lot of readings, still, fall short when it comes to topics that should be in details for a teenager to better grasp. With this lack of knowledge teens always find themselves making the wrong decisions. With well-educated teachers at schools to provide the right guidance, it may decrease the rate of teen pregnancy and contraction of sexually transmitted diseases at such a young age (Sex Education: Issues and Directives 33-35). We often hear a story of a teenager that got pregnant or has a sexually transmitted disease. We even see this in our schools as we walk the halls each day. Every year over 800,000 adolescents become pregnant and about 18.9 million contract a sexually transmitted disease (Weinstock, Berman, and Cates 6). Seventy percent of teenage girls and eighty percent of adolescent males engage in sexual activity during their teenage years. Forty percent of teens in America are sexually active (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 4). Adolescents that are sexually active easily make the mistake of getting pregnant or catching a disease and, it is something that could have been prevented with the proper guidance. Teenage pregnancy is one of the reasons that female students drop out of school. Once a teen becomes pregnant or catches a disease the rest of her life will change forever. One out of every ten teenage girls above the age of fourteen becomes pregnant, and more than half of all pregnant teenagers leave school at an early stage to take care of their child while others their age are enjoying their youth years. We are all familiar with the story of a young lady forced to play the role of a mother and a student, and this is a very hard task. Getting pregnant does not only affect a young girl, but it also affects her partner because he also has to take responsibility. It is important for teens that do get pregnant to be encouraged to stay in school and receive counseling, and health care services. With this form of education the occurrence of second pregnancies will decrease (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 9-11). Young adults are too afraid to talk to their parents about sexual health education, so they end up making decisions of their own. A majority of parents would appreciate sexual health education that schools could offer, and be confident to know that their children are getting the right information on ways to protect themselves and prevent diseases. Even if the students are uncomfortable to ask questions the teacher will cover the material to make sure that the students receive a better understanding. Like all the other subjects that are taught in schools, sexual health education should become just like a regular subject. A person who is well educated on a subject makes mistakes, but is less likely to make common mistakes, for example teens will be more cautious because they are familiar with the consequences. Everyone is always told to go to school to educate themselves for a better future. Math and English are not the only knowledge needed to becoming a better educated a person. We n eed to learn about our bodies and how to take care of them, because it is something we cannot replace. Most schools, only offer health and abstinence only education. Eighty-six percent of public schools that have adopted the policy of teaching sex education require that abstinence be promoted. Other thirty-five percent only allow abstinence to only be taught as the only option for adolescences. Most other schools have the policy to teach abstinence as the preferred option for teens and allow discussion of contraceptive an effective means of preventing pregnancy and STDs. Most of the schools that have sex education as part of their curriculum only educate the students about abstinence (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First). In an article on MSNBC, Dr. Buzz Pruit states, We didnt see any strong indication that theses programs were having an impact in the direction desired (). Referring to Abstinence only education. Abstinence can be defined behaviorally as the act of not engaging in any form of sexual intercourse, or as a commitment to wait until marriage. Abstinence i tself is one hundred percent effective as a means of protection against sexually transmitted disease or getting pregnant. However not every young adult is willing to practice abstinence. Therefore, it is only right to offer classes that teach teens how to proteAct themselves and prevent diseases. Comprehensive sexual health education should not just include a movie that exAplains menstruation, and human reproduction. Schools should educate their children from the biology of reproduction, the psychology of relationships, and the sociology of the family to sexology. The learning should fully cover sexual knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. The instructors of the class should be able to discuss the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the sexual response system. The teacher should also be very open to where the students feel comfortable talking to her one on one. The curriculum itself must be based on effective teaching strategies that relate subject matter to the students interest needs and experiences so that the students are able to attach personal meaning to what is learned (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 47-49). We often hear the stories of the teenager who thought she would not get pregnant the first time she had sexual intercourse because it was her first time or the one about the young boy who though that using a condom would prevent him from catching any sexually transmitted diseases. We have also heard the story about the young teen that was in love and trusted her partner so much that she did not bother to use protection and at the end she contracted a disease that will be with her for the rest of her life. Schools and government officials need to stand up and protect the future generation. Pupils need the proper guide for a better living. Every young student deserves the right of a proper education. When abstinence only is strictly forced, adolescents are left confused. This simply encourages young adults to make careless mistakes that result in consequences that could have been prevented with a better knowledge. Sexual health education may prevent a fifteen year old boy from becoming a father before graduating from high school; it can also reduce the number of young girls with life long Sexually Transmitted Disease because they thought that all STDs have visible symptoms. Sexual education must be seen as a preventative measure for young adults. I am sure that if a sexual health education class becomes a part of any school curriculum, the student body will be very appreciative of it. Students will come to class willing to learn and pay attention to the instructor, because it is a topic that many young adults are curious about. By having the classes no teenager would depend on unreliable sources because they have a well educated teacher to teach them about preventions and way to avoid diseases. For instance a research done by Michael Schofild proved that over half of the average students know nothing about the symptoms of either syphilis or gonorrhea. Not all Sexually Transmitted Diseases have the same symptoms; some have no symptoms at all, and teachers are needed to explain that to the students. Therefore it is very important to educate teenagers about proper sexual health education.

Importance of Communication.in the Workplace Essay -- essays research

Importance of Communication.in the Workplace â€Å"Did you hear the latest rumor?† Jeff said to Sally. â€Å"No, what’s going around now?† said Sally. â€Å"Remember all the big wigs that were here last week from out of town? Well, I heard from Jack on third shift that they were here to seal the deal on buying the company. He heard that they’re from some big company down south and their real big on bringing in their own people. You know what the means.† â€Å"Yeah,† said Sally, â€Å"but I heard from Helen in Human Relations that one of the reasons they’re even thinking about merging with this other company is because we’re not doing so well. If this doesn’t go through, our benefits may get cut and lay-offs are pretty much guaranteed. She also said that she heard the benefits this other company has aren’t as good as what we have now. So, either way it looks like we’ll lose.† â€Å"Sounds like you may be right,† sighed Jeff, â€Å"I guess it’s time to start looking for another job. Hey, maybe I’ll find one where the company actually lets you know what’s going on.† The â€Å"grapevine† or â€Å"rumor mill† is a part of any company’s communication structure. As demonstrated here, it enables employees to share information about things relative to the company where they work. However, also demonstrated here is how it contributes to the morale of the work environment. Communication is a very important element of the work environment. Though it is important for employees to be able to communicate with each other, it is more important that the employer effectively communicates with its employees. Without effective communication, an employer risks letting the rumor mill run rampant which could jeopardize its employees moral and overall performance. The effects of good and bad communication are discussed to providing us with further information regarding the importance of commu nication. We also discuss how a work environment can create good and bad morale. First we will be discussing good communication and what good communication skills are. Also, we need to know how they can be used effectively. Good communication is defined as a process of creating, sending, receiving, and interrupting signals between people. Communication is a process that consists of two or more people and through this process you have a sender and a receiver. For communication to be effective everyone in this process must try to be open m... ...any picnic †¢ Morale building †¢ Open house †¢ Retirement program †¢ Birthday program †¢ Credit union †¢ Company store (employees can purchase shirts, jackets, caps and many other logo products. †¢ Quality circles †¢ Holiday gifts (Thanksgiving turkeys, a set of cutlery a serving tray and a clock all about equal in price †¢ Celebrate success (when people work hard on a project make sure they are Acknowledged). †¢ Be fair and honest with everyone Website page http://www.printalbepromotions.com/Articles/Morale.htm. Hopefully after reading this paper everyone appreciates how important communication is to a successful business. Good communication can be considered one of the most important elements of successful business dealings. Whether you are talking about good communication between the company and its customers or between the employer and employees success cannot be had unless the communication lines are open and understood by all involved. Without proper communication in the workplace there become road blocks so to speak which leads to poor employee morale, rumors, and basically the breakdown of the company. So as you can see good communication is the foundation of a successful company.

Divorce: Marriage and School Aged School

Divorce's Impact on Preschool, School-Age, and Adolescent Children Abstract This writing reviews current literature examining the impact of divorce on children in the context of family. The review encompasses ways divorce can be prevented and how un-prevented divorce can affect children of the specified ages. The ages of the children are outlined as preschool, school aged and adolescence. The impact on each group is different and considered. Ways to minimize the number of divorces is examined by outlining preventions on a state level.Recommendations for state established programs are made that would occur prior to marriage to prevent later iscommunications. In the face of unstoppable divorce it is important to understand how children can be helped to cope more effectively with divorce in context of future development. Divorce's impact on preschool, school-age, and adolescent children As divorce continues to be an option for marriage resolution it is important to take a look at how di vorce affects young children. Numerous studies have been done to prove the negative effects of divorce on children.This writing will examine those effects upon children of preschool, school, and adolescent aged children. It is mportant to understand the effects on children in terms of later development. Divorce affects both the custodial and non-custodial parent and their relationship with the child (ren). It effects how parents discipline their children and bond with their children. The negative effects of divorce could be avoided if divorce could be minimized. Minimizing divorce could prevent the negative long term effects of divorce on children.This writing will also take a look at how divorce can be minimized in order to circumvent negative effects on preschool, school and adolescent aged children. The impact of divorce on preschool, school aged and adolescent children needs to be understood in order to prevent long term emotional, mental, social and psychological issues later i n life. Preschool Preschool aged children generally marked from ages 4 to 5 years old have been found to have negative effects from divorce. Studies have engaged the personality traits of preschoolers to determine the impact of divorce . The main reference has been made to the attachment theory.This theory supports the idea that preschool children are affected by divorce emotionally . Attachment theory developed by John Bowlby is the bond between the child and the caregiver and plays a serious role in the developmental stages of growth. Preschoolers use their attachments as safety nets to depend on when exploring the world outside them. During the preschool years children will be attached to one or both parents and divorce causes an upset in that attachment. It has been documented that the attachment security is negatively impacted by divorce (Nair & Murray, 2005).The impact reflects mostly on the security of attachment. The preschool aged child exhibits behaviors of separation anxi ety and insecurity. It has been determined that negative effects to attachment will later become issues for older children . The preschool age children do not understand divorce but do understand that upset and the separation and may carry feelings of abandonment and fear of abandonment. Preschool children may feel if parents can divorce, then parents can divorce children. Preschool children are likely to feel responsible for the divorce and for the separated parents .Preschool children are effected by the custodial parents form of discipline, other children in the home, interaction with other children at school, relationships with teachers, and identifying ith self . All issues could develop into other negative elements later in growth. School Aged School aged children will handle divorce differently than preschoolers and will progress through successful with guidance. However, there are a few behaviors or effects that are characteristic and common of school aged children. Children at this age are affected behaviorally and psychological .These children tend to internalize the effects of divorce and think that the situation is caused by them. In turn they will think and act as if they have control over the situation. They will blame themselves or the divorce and will think they can get the parents back together if they behave. They will misbehave to get attention. They will act sick or experience true sickness in order to unite their parents. This stage is burdened with the responsibility of getting parents back together and will respond in ways to accomplish this mission . School aged children harbor fear of abandonment.The greatest effect on school aged children is not being able to see life past divorce. They are uncertain of the future and are confused about the roles to be played. This confusion will cause them o not want to participate at school and make up stories and act out Just to get attention. The combination of the change in parental separation, p arenting style, and parental coping skills leads them to behave in unexpected and uncharacteristic ways . These behaviors left unaddressed can lead into greater issues in adolescence. Adolescent The impact of divorce on adolescence can run deep and wide.Adolescence is affected behaviorally, socially, and psychologically. Children at this age are already experiencing socio-emotional changes and hormonal changes adding divorce can be a recipe for disaster. Since these children are more independent and self-functional the risk are higher for negative behaviors. Adolescence is a time for individualism and self-expression. The negative effects are displayed outwardly. Examples of adolescent behaviors include disobedience, failing school, and legal activities. During the time of divorce adolescence are confused, upset and angry.The anger drives the adolescent to participate in negative behaviors. They will be more upset with one parent over the other. The way they relate to others and get along with others will be dramatically attected The entire socialization process can be damaged nd without proper guidance could last well into the adult years . Divorce The negative effects of divorce become obvious after discussion. The greatest effects fall upon the children. Divorce is seen as a resolution to a bad marriage. Divorce is occurring more often and with the involvement of children. Preschool, school aged, and adolescence children can be more affected than adults.The emotional, behavioral, social and psychological effects of divorce are factors of development in life. Taking a proactive approach to divorce could alleviate and circumvent the negative effects on children. With divorce being the number one resolution to a bad marriage coming up with innovative and creative ways to prevent divorce can be difficult. Preventing divorce falls can be done with extending the process of marriage and educating the public before and during the marriage. In order to prevent divor ce the state could become more involved with the process of marriage .In the majority of states the process of marriage involves purchasing a marriage license and standing before a clerk or planning a wedding. It does not take much to get married. If the state were to take more interest in those who are equesting a marriage license and provide mandatory education to those apply, it could decrease the number of divorces. Greater involvement could go as far as outlining the marriage and discussing issues like parenting, education, work and career as well as sexual expectations . These are elements of a marriage that are not always discussed but could be the primary targets for divorce.In order to prevent divorce the state could mandate education and mentoring at various levels of a marriage. Prior to getting the state license for marriage the state could required counseling and educational classes about what to expect in marriage ife. Couples could discuss expectations and needs. Coup les could be mentored by other couples in order to learn healthy ways of communicating and resolving conflict. If a marriage is seemingly in trouble and headed for divorce, the state could mandate marriage counseling and education on healthier ways of resolving conflict.If the marriage is not salvageable then pre-counseling could be provided for divorce. The process of divorce could be discussed and when children are involved they could be included in the counseling in order to help them adjust prior to the change . Coping Until such measures could be mandated or implemented helping children to cope positively with the changes of divorce is a necessity. The social, emotional, behavioral and psychological effects of divorce despite the age of impact could affect the remaining stages of development when not positively adjusted.This writer is of the opinion that in order to help children cope they need to be involved in the process. Counseling the children about what divorce means, wha t to expect, and how things will change is an important element in divorce. Helping children to understand what is going on and what to expect. Children would have a better understanding of how divorce should affect them. It is important for children to know they are not responsible for the divorce and that parents still love them.It would also be helpful to have the children attend a group with other similar aged children to discuss the effects of divorce and how each one is coping. This would allow the chi Idren to gain support and realize they are not alone in the way that they feel. This would be a facilitated group where the facilitator could direct the discussion and help the children to identify with how they are feeling and work hrough the emotions and ideas. As a professional counselor I would be able to help each party involved by being available for open discussion as well as education. I would meet with the parties individually and as a group.I would inform the parents a bout the well-being of the children and make suggestions for family discussion. I would encourage both parents to have discussion with the child(ren) outside of counseling in order to gain the child's trust and help them to see that because the family is splitting up it is all about the parents and not the child(ren). Conclusion The impact of divorce on preschool, school aged and adolescence is emotional, behavioral, social and psychological. These effects cause issues involving healthy separation, self-esteem, and the development through the stages of growth.In younger children the effects of divorce are more psychological and effect the attachment of the child and the primary caregiver as well as self confidence to explore the world beyond self. The school aged children internalize the process and the conflict and seemingly take on the responsibility of putting the parents back together. Adolescents can fall into negative and illegal behaviors. These issues can be avoided by minim izing the number of divorces. This could be done with state involvement to mandate the process and the education of marriage.The mandates should take place before certification for marriage is approved and if necessary during the divorce process. As a counselor this writer would be available to see families through the process of education during conflict and counseling for family and individual children if entering the divorce process. Ulitimately understanding the impact of divorce on children is necessary in order to help children to cope and move ast emotions related to the process of divorce so they do not interfere in the stage development of the child.

Critically analyse the Media’s Focus on young people and Violent Crime The WritePass Journal

Critically analyse the Media’s Focus on young people and Violent Crime Introduction Critically analyse the Media’s Focus on young people and Violent Crime IntroductionBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction Western society is fascinated with crime and justice.   From films, newspapers, everyday conversation, books and magazines, there is a continual rhetoric regarding crime.   The mass media plays a crucial part in the construction of criminality and the criminal justice system.   The way the public perceive victims, criminals and the members of law enforcement is very much determined by the influences of the mass media (Roberts, Doob, 1990; Surette, 1998).   It is therefore essential to take into account the effects that the mass media have on attitudes toward violent crimes, especially those concerning young people. If we start with television programmes we find that there is a link between viewing crime shows on the television is in fact linked to a fear of crime.   Fear of crime may be a natural reaction by viewers to the brutality, violence and sometimes even injustices that are portrayed within these programmes.   Crimes on television shows reveal certain patterns; there is an overemphasis on violent crimes and offenders are often sensationalised or stereotyped.   Murder and robbery are common themes also yet crimes such as burgurlary are less often seen (Surette, 1998).   Offenders are portrayed as psychopaths that target vulnerable and weak victims or as business people and professionals that are highly intelligent and violent, with victims being portrayed as helpless and weak (Surette, 1998).   Many viewers may not understand the justice system and its process and are even less likely to understand (with some exceptions) the causes and motivations of criminal behaviour.   The criminal justice system is portrayed largely as ineffective with the exception of selected heroes that provide justice or in some cases vengeance towards offenders (Surette, 1998).   These programmes rarely focus on any mitigating circumstances of criminal behaviour and are unlikely to portray offenders in not only a sympathetic light but even a realistic fashion. On television crime is freely chosen and based on the individual problems of the offender.   Analysis of crime drama reveals that greed, revenge and mental illness are the basic motivations for crime and offenders are often portrayed as ‘different’ from the general population (Lichter and Lichter, 1983: Maguire, 1998).   This leads to a possible belief by viewers that all offenders are ‘monsters’ to be feared.   Consequently heavy viewers may perceive crime as threatening, offenders as violent, brutal or ruthless and victims as helpless.   These inaccurate presentations, as well as the portrayal of crime as inevitable or non preventable may lead to an increase in the fear of crime. The news media focus on violent crime is highly selective.   Ferrell (2005:150) points out that news media representations highlight ‘the criminal victimization of strangers rather than the dangerous intimacies of domestic of family conflict’.   Stanko and Lee (2003:10) note that ‘the violence in the media is constructed ‘as random’, wanton and the intentional acts of evil folk’.   News reporting of crime and furthermore of the particular types of crime on which newspaper journalists disproportionately focus on, is selective and unrepresentative.   News reporting of crime victims is equally so.   Reiner et al stated that the foregrounding of crime victims in the media is one of the most significant qualitative changes in media representations of crime and control since the Second World War (Reiner et al. 2000a,b, 2003). Not all crime victims receive equal attention in the news media.   Ocassionally intense media coverage may be devoted to victims who can be discredited on the basis of criminal promiscuous or otherwise questionable past.   More often, however media resources are dedicated to the representation of those victims who can be portrayed as ideal.   Christie (1986:18) describes the ideal victim as ‘a person or category of individuals who-when hit by crime-most readily are given the complete and legitimate status of being a victim’.   This group includes young people.   These young people attract massive levels of media attention, generate collective mourning on a near global scale, and drive significant change to a social and criminal justice policy and practice (Greer, 2004; Valier, 2004). In the summer of 2002, two 10 year old girls, Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman went missing from their home in Soham.   Their disappearance attracted the biggest ever manhunt in Britain and international media attention.   In 1996 two boys of similar age, Patrick Warren and David Spencer, went missing from their homes.   Their disappearance failed to register much outside the local press.   Shortly after 13 year old Milly Dowler went missing in 2002, the body of a teenage girl was recovered from a disused cement works in Tilbury Docks (Jewkes, 2004).   Amongst media speculation that it was another missing teenager, Danielle Jones, who had disappeared almost a year earlier, the body was identified as Hannah Williams, however it was Milly’s story that continued to receive attention whilst Hannah received only a few sentences n the inside pages. Holly and Jessica were clearly seen as ideal victims.   They were described using adjectives such as young, bright and energetic.   They were from stable and loving middle class family backgrounds and had both achieved well at school.   David and Patrick were working class, they were boys, brought up on a West Midlands council estate, in trouble at school and one of them had previously been caught shoplifting.   While Holly and Jessica captured the hearts and minds of the nation, Patrick and David did not gain anywhere near as much interest and few people knew about their disappearance, much in the same way Hannah Williams was unknown.   Hannah’s murder generated just over 60 articles in the British national press, mostly after she was found.   In its first two weeks alone, the hunt for Holly and Jessica produced nearly 900 (Fracassini, 2002). Whilst on one hand the media sensationalise when young people are the victims of violent crimes, it also sensationalises when there is a belief that these young people are in fact the perpetrators of violent crimes.   A study carried out by Young People Now, (a publication for people working with children and young people) through research firm Mori, looked at tabloids, local papers and broadsheets over the course of a week.   Seventy-one percent of articles concerning young people had a negative tone, while 14 percent were positive and 15 percent were neutral.   In addition, 48 percent of articles about crime and violence depicted a young person as the perpetrator, whereas only 26 percent of young people admit to committing a crime, and of those only seven percent involved the police and only a minority were violent-the most common committed crime was petty theft.   The picture being painted in the media is one of violent young men with nearly 70 percent of violent stories i nvolving boys describing them as the perpetrator and 32 percent as the victim, while girls are described as the victim in 91 percent of cases and the offender in 10 percent (Ipsos Mori).   In reality 31 percent of boys in mainstream schools admit to having committed a crime compared with 20 percent of girls and boys are more likely to be victims of violent crime than girls (Young people and the Media, 2004). Peter McIntyre, a journalist whose 30 year career has included work on the Oxford Times and editing a Unicef book of guidelines for interviewing children states that children in trouble with the law have some legal protection, but in some cases, because journalists are not allowed to name young people, they feel free to misrepresent them, contributing to the monsterisation of young people (2004).   If images of violent yobs predominate, there is a risk that policy makers will respond to stereotypes rather than the true diversity of young people’s needs. The rise of the antisocial behaviour order (ASBO) was seized upon by local and national newspapers as a chance to name and shame young people.   From the Sun newspaper’s proposal to hand out ‘SASBO’s (Sun Antisocial Behaviour Orders), to south London paper News’s Shopper’s Shop a Yob Bingo, papers were able to show pictures of these young people, because there were no automatic reporting restrictions on young people sentenced by civil courts, unlike youth courts.   All of these reporting’s serve to further fuel media hype and moral panic surrounding young people as violent offenders. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barille, L. (1984) Television Attitudes about Crime: Do Heavy Views Distort Criminality and Support Retributive Justice? In Ray Surette (ed.) Justice and the Media Issues and Research Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Bryant, J. Garreth, R.A, Brown, D. (1981). Television viewing and anxiety: An Experimental Examination. Journal of Communication 31: 106-119 Christie,N. (1986) The Ideal Victim in Fattah, E. (ed), from Crime Policy to Victim Policy. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Doob, A. MacDonald, G. (1979) Television Viewing and Fear of Victimization: Is The Relationship Casual? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Ferrell, J. (2005). Crime and Culture in Hale, C. Hayward, K. Wahidin, A. And Wincup, E. (eds), Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fracassini, C. (2002) Missing, Scotland on Sunday. 18 August 2002 Greer, C. (2004). Crime, Media and Community: grief and virtual engagement in late modernity. In Ferrell, J. Hayward, K. Morrison, W. And Presdee (eds). Cultural Criminology Unleashed. London: Cavendish Jewkes, Y. (2004) Media and Crime. London: Sage Lichter, L. Lichter, S. (1983) Prime Time Crime Washington DC: Media Institute Livingstone, S. (1996). On the Continuing Problem of Media Effects. In Curran, J. Gurevitch, M (eds), Mass Media and Society. London: Arnold. Maguire, B. (1988). Image Versus Reality: An Analysis of Prime-Time Television and Police Programs. Crime and Justice II (1): 165-188 Reiner, R. (2002). Media Made Criminality: the representation of crime in the mass media. In Maguire, M. Morgan, R. Reiner, R (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Surrette, R. (1990). The Media and Criminal Justice Policy: Recent Research and Social Effects. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Valier, C. (2005). Making Sense of the Information Age: Sociology and Cultural Studies, Information, Communications and Society, 8 (4): 439-58

Computers today essays

Computers today essays Although computer gaming has only been around for a few years, there exists gaps between the different genres, that most dont have anything in common. Strategy and Role-playing games, or RPGs, however, are two genres which share certain characteristics a factor that usually attracts a multitude of gamers. The two game types share many similarities. One is they both have set characters throughout the game. Another point would be their leisure time application, for they are both a relaxing (or addictive) pass-time. Without this value most gamers would pass any and all games up, and actually go outside. Even though there are many similarities, there are also unmistakable differences which give the games a certain individualities. One of the differences is game development. Strategy has a win/lose element, which keeps the pressure on, while RPGs have a diverse game development, where several paths maybe followed, and different ending reached. Another trait is units, or the controllable character/s which inhabit the game world. Strategy has multiple units for each player, all of which are replaceable and lost at the end of a mission. In contrast, RPGs have set units, characters which develop skills over time and can only be added to ones team through certain actions. So it may be said even though the genres stem from the same roots, that their unique points give them a distinct individuality. With both types of games starting from one, much like evolution, gamers dont tend to stay with one genre. ...

Diffusion in aluminium alloys, Hot deformation (rolling) of aluminium Dissertation

Diffusion in aluminium alloys, Hot deformation (rolling) of aluminium alloys and its dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallisation - Dissertation Example The activation energy and diffusion constants are calculated using a variety of factors like the solid solubility, alloying content and the state of the matrix microstructure in terms of grain boundary size, dislocation density and vacancy concentration [PAPM]. The mean distance travelled by the atom during diffusion in turn is dependent on the rate of diffusion D as follows: L = (Dt)? Where L = the mean distance travelled by the atom. t = time (s) All atoms above absolute zero (-273oC) vibrate and the frequency of vibrations acts as the driving force for the movement of the atoms or for their diffusion. The frequency of vibration and diffusion increases with the rise in temperature. However, for atoms to be able to move from one lattice point to the other, the atoms need to overcome the activation energy. This activation energy is low around the metal surface and at the grain boundaries, and this is the reason for the high concentration of the precipitating solute at the grain bound aries. ... Also, temperature has a greater effect on the diffusion distance compared to time as increasing the temperature increases both the number of vacancies in a metal as well as the energy of the diffusing atoms (Wolverton, 2007). Thus, in an increased temperature, atoms are able to diffuse faster and farther. The rate of diffusion differs for atoms of different alloys and hence the reduction of micro-segregation with homogenization differs for different alloys due to the difference in their compositions. As seen from the diffusion equations presented above, the distance that atoms need to travel (which depends on the dendrite arm spacing, the relative abundance of atoms) impact on the time and temperature needed to attain the desired level of diffusion for reduction of micro-segregation. Figure1: Relative homogenization times for given dendrite cell sizes and temperatures in common aluminum alloys. (Source: Chakrabarti, 2001) According to Verlinden et al [1990] found that the dissolution of theta and S particles in an as-cast 2024 billet during a homogenization at 460oC was not possible even after 24 hours. The volume fraction was found to decrease with time but with an associated coarsening of the remaining S and theta particles resulting in coarser particles than when in the as-cast condition. A homogenization temperature of 500oC was found to completely eliminate both the S and theta particles. Due to the distances that diffusing solute atoms travel during practical homogenization treatments, these treatments are effective at removing microsegregation effects but may have little impact on macrosegregation. 2.2 Theory related to Hot Deformation Hot rolling is the

The Impact of Climate Change on the Oceans Coral Bleaching Rates Research Paper

The Impact of Climate Change on the Oceans Coral Bleaching Rates - Research Paper Example The presence of zooxanthellae within coral polyps is able to provide protection from ultraviolet rays from the sun, as well as a stable carbohydrate supply to the corals during the day (Brown, 1997). At the same time, the corals provide CO2 for the photosynthetic activities, as well as providing a shelter from other predators (Graham, et al., 2006). Most corals can be found in sunny seas in tropical waters, which foster photosynthetic activity of the symbiotic algae during the day. Coral reefs are found throughout tropical areas across the globe, and are mostly thriving near coastal areas (Figure 1). Often called â€Å"flowers of the sea†, these creatures are not only aesthetically pleasing for many tourists such as divers and underwater photographers, these are also ecologically-important members of ocean ecosystems by being a habitat for fish and other aquatic animals, as well as protecting the shoreline’s structure by serving as breakwater for the ocean’s waves (Cesar, 2000). Such a feat is possible due to the hard exoskeletons of corals, which are durable to the kinetic effects of ocean waves. The process in which coral skeletons grow and develop takes a very long time due to the gradual calcification process in building up the coral skeleton by very small animals. However, recent climate changes causes a degeneration of this coral exoskeleton, which not only poses a threat to the corals themselves but also to the creatures that dwell w ithin them, which in turn could affect livelihoods such as tourism and fishing industries of people living alongside coral reefs. Figure 1. The distribution of coral reef systems are limited to the tropics, seen here as dark brown markings around coastlines and islands (ReefBase, n.d.). Figure 2. Various species of common coral after undergoing bleaching lose their color. Scale bars=5cm (Anthony, et al., 2008). The steady rise in global temperatures have been causing various abnormalities in nature such as drastic weather changes, the growth and proliferation of invasive pests, and the destruction of marine ecological systems such as coral reefs. Several disasters within coral reefs have been recorded in the past decades, and most are attributed to the effects of rising atmospheric and ocean temperatures (Brown, 1997; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Doney, et al., 2009; Glynn, 1993; Hoegh-Guldberg, et al., 2007; McNeil, et al., 2004). However, these are not the only factors that could contribute to the declining populations of corals and reefs, since other man-made factors also come into play. The acidification of sea w ater due to increasing dissolved CO2, saturation of nutrients due to leaching of fertilizer runoffs, and the increase of disease-causing pathogens and other agents due to the warmer waters causes the disruption of the symbiotic relationship of the zooxanthellae and the coral polyps (Bruno, et al., 2003; De’ath et al., 2009; Grandcourt & Cesar, 2003; Obura, 2004; Silverman, et al., 2009). Corals become bleached when the number of symbionts decreases in the polyps’ bodies, leaving them colorless and much more exposed to the ultraviolet rays of the sun (Figure 2). The lack of zooxanthellae decreases carbohydrate production which translates to a lesser food supply for the corals. This causes the death of the coral polyps,

Most influential event in American history from 1750 to present Essay

Most influential event in American history from 1750 to present - Essay Example This paper examines the devastating impacts of the Japanese operation on United States of America later well-known as Pearl Harbor attacks and as result unprecedented reactions from the people of America. Attacks on the Pearl Harbor navy station enhanced the unity of American nation in their decision to fight and defeat their opponent. Pearl Harbor attacks provoked the United States’ participation in the Second World War and reorganization of its national security. United States had experienced other attacks that took place earlier to the Pearl Harbor. However, none of them was as destructive and surprising as the Pearl Harbor attacks. Additionally, the attack was the first to be conducted in the territory of American State. The military assault began in the morning of December 7, 1941 and it targeted American navy stationed in the Pearl Harbor. According to John Toland, the Pearl Harbor attacks were planned and executed by the Imperial Japanese Army. During all the period, th e Second World War had been going on for two years but the United States of America had not yet joined the conflict. Japan, Italy, and Germany as the main aggressors were concerned about the imminent involvement of the United States of America in the war. Due to the apparent dominance of the American navy, the Japanese military premeditated the Pearl Harbor assault to prevent United States of America from joining war by weakening its naval facility.

Wannabe Bank Robber Essay Example for Free

Wannabe Bank Robber Essay I was randomly placed in a group with five other people in my drama class; we were given several stimuli and were told to think up an improvisation for each. We did so and were then told witch of the stimuli we would actually be working on. We then decided that we would create a comedy about an unfortunate bank robber. The comedy started with the lead character Victor Watt (Tom) standing centre stage in a white spotlight telling how, if the job had gone to plan, he would be rich Victor then exits up stage right. I, who was standing behind Victor, turns round and raises my hands then lowers them while wiggling my fingers and making the noise bidlyboop repetitively to comically signify going into the fantasy flashback, the stage then fades to black. The music (Little Green Bag from Reservoir Dogs) and lights come up on a fantasy scene in which Victors job goes exactly to plan and more. (The lights in this scene are more yellow to the side of the stage on which the bank is. ) As he walks in three ladies (Julie, Stacy Claire) look him up and down and he turns to the audience and winks. He waltzes into the bank (up stage left) winks at the female bank clerk (Kim) and receives his big bag of loot. He walks out (centre stage) and is intercepted by a police officer (Me) that thinks hes Clint Eastwood. The music stops and the police officer makes the tune from The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, Victor looks the police officer up and down and asks what the hell hes doing. The police officer responds to this by charging at Victor who cunningly side steps to evade his attack, this sends the police officer into an overly elaborate frenzy of a fall. After the deranged policeman is left face down half way down the street, Victor picks up two of the three ladies that flirted with him before he entered the bank leaving one (Julie). This last lady walks over to the face down police officer takes a look at him in disgust then continues to smoke. At this moment Victor looks back and whistles to this remaining female, all in a fluster she stubs out her cigarette on the police officers back and runs off to Victor who gentlemanly lets her leave first as he caches a gander at her rear. The music stops and again I stand centre stage and make the same action to signify returning to the present then the scene fades to black. The lights come up on Victor Watt who again is standing centre stage but this time explains that things never relay go to plan especially if the plan is his and that the next thing you are to see is what relay happened. He exits up stage right, I who again was standing behind Vic with my back to the audience turn round and make the same gesture this time to signify going into the real flashback. The lights go down. The lights come up on the same flashback scene minus the music. Victor walks in with a ripped old jacket over his hand and looking much less virile. Instead of women falling at his feet he is falling over his feet. The ladies take one look at him and blow a lung full of smoke in his face. He turns to the audience and rubs his bloodshot eyes. He stumbles as he puts his hand out to open the front door to the bank but manages to catch the handle, pull himself up (this was done planed in mime but was not acted out in the final performance) then open the door. He stagers into the bank and over to the bank clerk. When he removes his jacket he reveals the gun he was hiding, he points it with an extremely unsteady hand at the clerk. He then tells her, with an even more unsteady voice, to give him all the money. She turns round and presses the alarm. Victor panics and attempts to shot the gun but pulls the wrong trigger, the revolver opens and bullets fall out onto the floor. He runs for the door but the police sirens are already right outside the bank. A voice comes as if from nowhere and says, This is the police, come out with your hands up! then the scene fades to black. The lights come back up on Victor standing in a spotlight with his head hug. He looks up and states that that was his story but not to worry he make his fortune yet. There is then an unseen voice that says, Come on Victor, visitor times over. A large man dressed as a jail guard steps into the spotlight in front of Victor, with his back to the audience he turns Victor round and puts on his handcuffs, he then roughly pushes him out of the spotlight and follows him closely baton in hand. The scene then fades to black and the curtains close. I think our play was fairly well written and fairly well performed but it could have been better if we had a better set and props. To add a conclusion I am over all pleased with the outcome of Wannabe Bank Robber. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Nursing Students Need Better Clinical Experiences Essay -- nursing stu

Hospital, only one word but somehow is thought of in a bad connotation. No one wants to be in the hospital and no one has a great time, however there are people who can make your stay better. Nurses can make your stay comfortable and relaxed or painful and scary. Having a caring nurse can make your experience exceptional while having an awful nurse can make everything worse. No one wants the uneducated nurse, and there is something we can do about. Nurses are â€Å"born† at the very first nursing class they attend and grow with each clinical. Clinical is where nursing students can practice as nurses in a specific area under the supervision of a licensed nurse. These clinicals are essential to the development of nursing students and need to be educational. Nursing students at State University need better clinical experiences and better clinical sites. Clinical sites that have nothing to do or preceptors who don’t want to educate should be cut out and replaced with better sites. Ideally each clinical should allow nursing students to gain experience in critical skills and patient ca...

Coffee Benefits Essay

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the emotional and physical benefits of coffee Central Idea: Coffee provides numerous health benefits which are contain antioxidant, improve cognitive performance and physical performance. Introduction I.I believe there is something special in our little everyday moments, from that first wonderful sip of hot, milky coffee in the morning to those ten stolen minutes of me. II.Not only does coffee taste good, it can stimulate my mind to refresh and relax. III.Coffee stimulates your senses from its caffeine content which stimulates metabolism and supports mental alertness and concentration. IV.Coffee may hydrate you beside its advantage of relaxing. a.Because water is the main ingredient in a cup of coffee, it helps you work towards your daily water needs and is practically free of calories. V.Coffee refreshes you with its wealth of polyphenols. a.Polyphenols are nutrients that help maintain your body in good health over time. VI.Today I would share with you guys about the three major health benefits of coffee – coffee and antioxidants, coffee and your mind and coffee and your body. (Transition: Let’s start with the coffee and antioxidants) Body I.Research has shown that a cup of coffee naturally comes with antioxidants, which are really good for you. a.Your body is constantly exposed to particles called – free radicals. i.Particles which are caused by factors like exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, environmental pollution, stress and smoking. b.Scientific studies suggest that free radicals can damage your body tissues, affect the ageing process and cause diseases like cataracts, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. c.Antioxidants in your body neutralize the free radicals and protect your body cells from damage. (Transition: Now that you know something about the coffee and antioxidants, let’s look at coffee and your mind) II.Many studies suggest that coffee drinking can improve overall ‘cognitive performance’. a.The cognitive performance which includes important mental skills like perception, attention, memory, problem solving and reaction or response abilities. b.There is some evidence to suggest potential benefits of coffee and caffeine in situations which require increased alertness e.g. night shifts and jet lag. (Transition: Now I have brief about the coffee and your mind. So let’s move to the last) III.Upping Your Physical Performance and weight management aid a.Increasing your capability and capacity for exercise. b.This means that you can keep going at a more intense pace, for a longer period and gain more from your workouts! c.Did you know that a plain black cup of coffee contains a very small amount of calories? i.In fact, coffee may be able to help maintain a healthy weight! Conclusion I.As we have seen, Coffee provides numerous health benefits which are contains antioxidants, improve cognitive performance and physical performance. II.Thus, the next time you drink a cup of coffee, just think of all its benefits! – â€Å"go beyond taste†. Bibliography Books S Rautiainen et al, 2012. Total antioxidant Capacity from Diet and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A prospective Cohort of Women. The American Journal of Medicine, Volume 125. R Sinha et al, 2012. Caffeinated and decaffeinated and tea intakes and risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 96; 374-381. Article Sin CWM, et al (2008). Systematic review on the effectiveness of caffeine abstinence on the quality of sleep. J Clin Nursing; 18:13-21. Internet sources Coffee & Health: From The Institute For Scientific Information On Coffee. â€Å"Cancer†. (27 Jan, 2012) Retrieved 26 Sept 2012 from http://www.coffeeandhealth.org/topics/cancer/ Coffee & Health: From The Institute For Scientific Information On Coffee. â€Å"Mental Performance† . (2 Feb, 2012) retrieved 26 Sept 2012 from http://www.coffeeandhealth.org/topics/mental-performance/.

Gasland and the Social Conflict Theory Essay

Gasland can be examined using the social conflict theory of socialism. There are three main theories of socialism: structural functional, social conflict, and symbolic interaction. The reason for social conflict being the best candidate for Gasland is because it shows how much power, wealth, and prestige the government can hold among the U.S. population. Josh Fox is the main character in the documentary, Gasland, and he can sell his land for $100,000 to the government for them to put in natural gas areas and drill wells for it. Other home owners with much land would do this to get money but then once the natural gas was set all over their land, there was a problem. After the wells were drilled, water started going â€Å"bad† and people became ill because of the contaminated water. For example, one family’s water was so polluted that their water was able to catch on fire. Another example of bad water was that the animals on a farm would drink this water and start losing their hair. These many stories swept over the United States as Josh Fox went around to homes with this natural gas-water problem interviewing folks who were all deeply concerned for their well-being. Water started turning yellowish-brown and citizens had to go into town just to buy bottles of water to bathe in and drink. It became a huge social conflict that escaladed slowly but surely. To conclude this short essay, social conflict clearly examines in this film that how opposing interests run through every layer of society. The constant balancing of trying to progress the U.S. environment is difficult when it is happening at a rapid pace. Striving for more power may just be the main cause of social conflict.

Migrant Mother and the Electronic Super highway

Migrant Mother and the Electronic Super highway Free Online Research Papers New Jersey born Dorothea Lange, originally Dorothea Margaretta Nutzhorn, was an incredible photographer. Lange was able to catch the human dignity of a person in any dire situation, whether it was economical, social, emotional, or some combination of the three. Nam June Paik, a Korean born artist, has been considered the pioneer of video art. Paik uses the medium to express the complexities of contemporary culture. This paper will be comparing and contrasting how the Dorothea Lange’s, Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley, and works by Nam June Paik. How they were created, the statement each is trying to make with their work or works and how society perceived/perceives it. Lange’s photo known as Migrant Mother is a portrait of a woman and her children in a California migrant labor camp within the Nipomo Valley. It was the last of a series of six photographs that Lange shot in March of 1936. â€Å"Lange was concluding a months trip photographing migratory farm labor around the state for what was then the Resettlement Administration. Migrant Mother is a Silver Gelatin photographic print, which is widely reproduced for numerous different reasons and in different forms. Seeing as the Migrant mother photograph is a classic picture that is widely associated with Dorothea Lange, and the depression, it is widely sought after to have a copy of. The photograph, which is easily reproducible, has been made into postcards, posters, magazines, newspapers, films, pamphlets and other collectible items that they can sell. Nam June Paik was the creator of a national touring exhibition called The Electronic Super Highway. For this exhibition, Paik has created his own town called Cybertown. Cybertown was a new community founded on moving images. Paik’s town, its people, places, and things in it, were all video sculptures. So opposed to the image of the Migrant Mother by Lange, Paik’s small town is less easily reproduced, pretty much not reproduced, unless it’s to be made into a copy of a photograph of the actual sculpture its self. Dorothea Lange, a resettlement administration, RA, a hired photographer was sent to take pictures of the Great Depression, to show America what was really going on. At the end of the assignment Dorothea was to photograph the pea pickers in California, which she passed up just thinking she had enough photos and that no one would know. Good thing she didn’t, she got the Photograph that became the iconic symbol for the great depression, and it was the picture of Farm Security. With the Migrant Mother photo, as well as many others, Lange was trying to make a statement as most artists do with their work. She was showing us the real world, in the depression era. What was really out there, what was going on, what it felt like and looked like. Pointing out to us the living conditions of the migrants and others who were trying to get work, where there wasn’t much to be found, also of the people taking the jobs that some people who turn their noses up. Taking what they could get and giving too much labor, for the little amount of what they got back. Lange’s photographs forced the public sympathy for a necessary relief program and persuaded a reluctant congressional committee to vote in funds for that program. Lange’s intention of social science was to show the waste, cheapness, and cruelty of life in the south, in the central states and in the West. Nam June Paik’s video sculptures were also messages about the society, but of the nineties. The message’s, although meaningful and important, don’t seem as harsh and â€Å"down and dirty† Lange’s, showing the real life of some American’s. Paik created Cybertown as his own version of the small town America in the new electronic age of the nineties. A lot of Paik’s first video sculptures were made to represent his family, both blood and artistic families. In Paik’s Cybertown, he had created what was to be a push cart, like you would see people selling popcorn out of, and turned it into a video cart, which was to represent the rise of consumerism in not only America but Asia too. Paik pointed out that as it was uncommon in the previous years, six out of ten people in Asia owned a TV and washer dryer combo. Paik also pointed a finger at and made fun of how lazy people were becoming. Creating a sculpture in 1994 called the Couch Potato. When the Couch Potato was created, he was wondering how the world was supposed to move and evolve or do anything with the world its fingertips, saying that human evolution was not a necessity anymore. Paik also created a Sculpture that had to deal with how the creation of the internet had changed the mail service forever. Also, Paik was making a statement that unlike regular â€Å"snail mail,† email was better not only for the economy, as we don’t use thousands of trees to mak e all the paper needed, but also you get email in an instant. When viewing a work of art years after it was made, always changes how someone interprets the work. It may be close to the same interpretation as what the artist originally intended, but never the same. Lange’s Migrant Mother went beyond its life in the Farm Security Administration and created a life of its own, as a powerful and beautiful photograph. Viewers today, see a photograph like Migrant Mother and know it’s a historical photograph, and associate it with the Great Depression. But they don’t get the same feeling knowing that that scenario had been fixed and isn’t happening at the very moment. They see it as a powerful work of art, hanging in galleries. Not as the documentary photograph it is. Visually, compositionally, and physically the picture is a gorgeous photograph, and that is how most interpret the photo today. Paik on the other hand, still in a way applies to today, seeing as how the electronic superhighway known as the world wide web, today is a very big part of not only the American culture but of most cultures across the globe. Statues such as the Couch Potato and Vidiot Surfer, very much still apply today with the argument of lazy Americans and the cause of obesity. Paik’s sculptures seem dated in some ways with the old TV’s used and the images used to display on the TV’s but they still get the same message across and are interpreted closer to the artists original statement, more so now because of the fact that they were made closer to the present day and really is still debated and talked about. Over all, for the fact that Dorothea Lange and Nam June Paik were worlds apart in their type of art work they were trying to create, and even in the years that they created them, there are several similarities with the two. They were both revolutionaries, in the art world, Lange more of an icon. They both very successfully took art to the next level, and put meaning behind it, showing us something that they believed in, and getting a message out there to the public. Lange showing her public, of their surroundings, living conditions of those less fortunate close to them, and what they should be happy for. Paik making a statement about the consumer America and how rapidly it’s changing, and how we need to take care of ourselves and be aware that things around us are moving fast, that some things are becoming obsolete. Art is and always be around in some form or another whether it be to look at for pleasure or something to help tell a story. Artists will continue to try and communicate through their art work to the viewer, some sort of something. No matter how many times a work is reproduced and whether its in its original form when you view it or not, will never change the over all message that you get from the work. It may alter it somewhat but never change you perception of the work entirely. Art, photographs, sculptures, paintings, whatever it is will always be a classic form of enjoyment for most cultured people. End notes: Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 3. Partridge, Elizabeth. Dorothea Lange: A Visual Life. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994, 14. Illuminations: Contemporary Film Video Art, ackland.org/art/exhibitions/illuminations/image6.htm. Illuminations: Contemporary Film Video Art, ackland.org/art/exhibitions/illuminations/image6.htm. Story Of A Photographic Session: Migrant Mother, http://chnm.gmu.edu/fsa/b/. Lange’s Migrant Mother in the FSA Collection: An Overview, http://faculty.uml.edu/sgallagher/Depression.htm. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 133. Kleiner, Fred and Chirstin Mamiya, Gardner’s Art Through The Ages, (12th Ed.) California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005 797. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 132-133. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 133. Coles, Robert. Dorothea Lange. New York: Aperture Inc., 1982, 25. Coles, Robert. Dorothea Lange. New York: Aperture Inc., 1982, 26. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties, eai.org/eai/tape.jsp?itemID=2409. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. Bibliography Coles, Robert. Dorothea Lange. New York: Aperture Inc., 1982. Illuminations: Contemporary Film Video Art, ackland.org/art/exhibitions/illuminations/image6.htm. Kleiner, Fred and Chirstin Mamiya. Gardner’s Art Through The Ages. (12th Ed.) California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. Lange’s Migrant Mother in the FSA Collection: An Overview, http://faculty.uml.edu/sgallagher/Depression.htm. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978. Partridge, Elizabeth. Dorothea Lange: A Visual Life. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. Story Of A Photographic Session: Migrant Mother, http://chnm.gmu.edu/fsa/b/. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties, eai.org/eai/tape.jsp?itemID=2409. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. Research Papers on Migrant Mother and the Electronic Super highwayMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth HorsemanWhere Wild and West MeetAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 219 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era